Electro-magnetic boiler-cleaner



(No Model.)

G. W. HART.

ELEGTRO MAGNETIC BOILER GLEANER. No. 354,633 Patented Dec. 21, 1886.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GERALD W. HART, OF QUINCY, ILLINOIS.

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC BOILER-CLEANER.

EPECIE'ICATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 354,637, dated December 21, 1886.

Application filed May 13, 1856.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GERALD \V. HART, a citizen of the United States, residing at Quincy, in the county of Adams and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improve ments in Elcctro-Magnetic Boiler-Cleaners, which I desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States, and of which the following is a specification.

It is well known that deposit of scale in boilers is prevented and removed by creating opposed magnetic conditions in the immersed and unimmersed parts of the boiler, and patents have heretofore been granted on this sub This has been effected by means of a magnet placed within the boiler, one pole thereof being in magnetic contact with the iiues or other part of the boiler under water, and the other pole in contact with the upper part of the shell, the magnet, when excited by an electrical current, magnetizing the entire structure. The supposed necessity of placing the magnet within the boiler, in orderto bring the interior parts thereof within its influence, has given rise to several practical difiiculties. The insulation of the wires of the magnet is impaired by the heat of any boiler, and wholly destroyed by the great heat of very high-pressure boilers, its use being for this reason impracticable on boilers or this class. The ins'ulation is also impaired and injured by the penetration of steam and water into the 021s ing in which the magnet is placed. Inspection of the magnet, and repairs, either of it or of the steam-joints of its casing, can only be effected by allowing the boiler to cool, so that a workman may enter it, causing a stoppage of all machinery, and of course considerable loss. Many boilers, moreover, especially up right boilers, have not sufficient space between the shell and the fines for the introduction of the magnet, and to this class, also, cleaners of the kind referred to are inapplicable.

My invention has for its object the overcoming of these difficulties by placing the magnetcoil outside of the boiler; and to this end my invention consists, chiefly, in obtaining the desired magnetic effect upon the interior parts of the boiler by carrying one pole of the magnet through the shell, at the same time inserting anon-magnetic substance between the shell with the exterior of the shell.

and the pole, whereby the shell is magnetically separated from the pole.

My invention further consists in certain details of construction hereinafter described, and

pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings annexed, which form a part of this specification, Figure l is a perspective view of my improved boiler-cleaner, a part of the shell and the fines of the boiler being shown in cross-section. Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are modifications.

The construction shown in Fig. 1 consists of an iron rod, A, extending from the exterior of the boiler through the shell B to the vicinity of the flues O or other submerged portion, a plate, D, attached to the lower end of the rod, resting, as shown in this figure, upon the fines. About this rod as a core, and on its upper and outer end, is wound on a spool a mag netcoil, E, electrical connection being made between the ends of the coil and the poles of a dynamo or other convenient generator of electricity. At the point where the rod A passes through the shell it is magnetically separated therefrom by a non-magnetic bushing,F, so attached to the rod that the joint between them is steam-tight, and having likewise a steam-tight fitting with the boilershell. I have found it convenient to secure these steam-tight joints by casting the bushing F upon the rod, screw-threading its exterior,-and adjusting its vertical position by .means of lock-nuts G and H, a steam-tight packing being held between the lower nut, H, and the boiler-shell. The particular means employed for making these joints tight, however, is of course immaterial, and may be varied according to the ingenuity of the machinist, the essential point being only that in some way magnetic separation be obtained between the rod and the boiler-shell. The upper end of the rod is magnetically connected in any desired manner-as by yoke-pieces I These yokepieces fit freely over the upper-end of the rod, and are held in place and adjusted by nut J. \Nhen the coil of the magnet is excited, the induced magnetic lines of force will follow the yoke-piece I to the shell, and, there being diverted by the non-magnetic bushing, will follow the boiler-shell to the dues and return through the lower end and body of the rod A, completing the magnetic circuit and effectually magnetizing the entire boiler. In addition to the advantages possessed by this construction 5 over that above referred to, already enumerated, it will be observed that Ihave dispensed entirely with thesteam-tight protecting-casing about the magnet-coil, thus very materially reducing the cost of the apparatus; that the vital and essential parts-all those parts, in

fact, which can by any possibility require repair-are placed where they are readily accessible, and that the wires of the coil, instead of bei ng heated, and their resistance therer 5 by increased, (twenty-one one-hundredths per cent., or thereabout, for each'degree of Fahrenheit,) are kept cool, and the amount of electro-motive force required to perform the work thereby reduced.

With. the apparatus heretofore used it has been necessary to provide all the parts for each boiler to be operated upon. With my improvement, however, it will be necessary only to provide each boiler with the rod A and its 2 5 bushing, the magnet-spool and the yoke being readily transferred from one boiler to another. One magnet-coil can thus be used in prevent-. ing the formation of scale with a large number of boilers. Where two boilers are near together, the yoke-pieces may be replaced by iron rods connecting the two pole-pieces,thereby making each boiler a pole-piece of the magnet formed by combining the two separate magnets, and obtaining increased efficiency.

In Fig.2 I have shown a modified construction which has a considerable advantage in point of cost over that above described. The rod A is provided with a tubular cap-piece, of iron, L, which takes the place of the yokepieces, and is screw-threaded on its outside to engage with the shell. The coil K is placed between the tube and the rod, and the lower end of the. tube is closed by a non-magnetic bushing, M, or left open, as desired. The in- 5 sulation of the coil K is effected in the usual manner. As it will, however, add somewhat to the expense to make the bushing M steamtight, I propose instead to insulate the coil by running in some kind of steam-proof cementsuch as basanite hydraulic cement-as indicated by N in the figure. A coil of this kind will cost little and be thoroughly effective.

In Fig. 3 I have shown a modification in which the lower part of the rod A is replaced by a chain, 0, linked into its end. This is a simpler and less expensive construction, and has the important advantage that it can be applied by mere insertion through the small hole in the boiler-shell without entering the boiler to adjust the lower end of the rod and the plate, and therefore without the necessity of cooling the boiler oil.

In Fig. 4 I have shown another modifica tion, in which the plate D is pivoted to the lower end of the rod, a little to one side of its center, the rod being cut away to receive the plate. When the rod is tobe inserted, the plate is folded up against the rod; in which position both are passed through the hole in the shell. The plate D, being pivoted below its center, then automatically takes the position shown in Fig. 1, and is lowered until it rests on the flues.

Many other variations of form and detail in the various parts of the device may be made without departing from my invention.

In the modification of Fig." 2 it may be desirable, by delicately placing the coil so as not to be in contact with either the rod or the tube, to dispense with any insulation. this coil is in contact with the tube, and the other passes through it, beinginsulated from it.

What I claim isv 1. The combination, with a boiler, of a coil of wire connected with a source of electricity, a core for the same placed outside of and extending into the interior of the boiler and in magnetic contact with an interior portion thereof,-but magnetically separated from the shell through which it passes, and a magnetic connection between the other end of said core and the exterior of the boiler, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. As an article of manufacture, a magnet composed of an iron core, a tubular magnetic sheath surrounding the same, a coil wound between the sheath and the core, and an insulating-filling of cement about the wire, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of a boiler, an iron rod in contact with an interior part thereof and protruding through its shell, an iron tubular cap surrounding the outer end of the rod and fitted into the shell with a steam-tight joint, and an insulated wire coil between the rod and the cap, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination of a boiler, an iron rod in contact with an interior part thereof and protruding through its shell, an iron tubular cap surrounding the outer end of the rod and fitted into the shell with a steam-tight joint, a wire coil between the rod and the cap, and a One end of 8c filling of steam-proof insulating-cement about the wire, substantially as and for the purpose setforth.

IIS

5. The combination, in a boiler-cleaner, of

GERALD W. HART.

Witnesses:

CARL E. EPLER, T. J. SEEHoRN. 

